FreeBSD VM erstellen mit libvirt und kvm-qemu unter Linux.

FreeBSD ISO herunterladen

cd /var/vm/
wget https://download.freebsd.org/snapshots/amd64/amd64/ISO-IMAGES/15.0/FreeBSD-15.0-CURRENT-amd64-20250801-0a3792d5c576-279199-disc1.iso

VM erstellen

virt-install --connect qemu:///system --name bsd2vm2 --osinfo freebsd14.0 --memory 2048 --vcpus=4 --accelerate --graphics vnc,password=foobar,listen=::,port=5901 --disk /var/vm/bsd2vm2/disk0.img,size=40 --cdrom /var/vm/FreeBSD-15.0-CURRENT-amd64-20250710-78935fa40eee-278643-disc1.iso --network=default

Per VNC auf Port 5901 verbinden. Passwort ist foobar
Installation von FreeBSD durchführen.

In der FreeBSD VM in /boot/loader.conf

console="comconsole"
comconsole_speed="115200"

Nach einem Neustart lässt sich die FreeBSD VM über die Konsole anstallt VNC bedienen.

Konsole öffnen

virsh console bsd2vm2

Laufende VMs anzeigen

virsh list

Alle VMs anzeigen

virsh list --all

VM starten

virsh start bsd2vm2

VM hart abschalten

virsh destroy bsd2vm2

VM löschen

virsh undefine bsd2vm2

VM Config bearbeiten

virsh edit bsd2vm2

Die Config-Datei enthält ein XML-Dokument mit der libvirt Syntax. Vieles was qemu kann, lässt sich damit einstellen, aber nicht alles. Der qemu Befehl, der ausgeführt wird, kann bei laufender VM mit

ps -Af | grep qemu

angezeigt werden.

Bridge in Linux erstellen und Interface für VM hinzufügen, welches mit der Bridge verbunden wird.

ip link add name bridge0 type bridge
virsh attach-interface --domain bsd2vm2 --type bridge --source bridge0 --config

qemu erstellt beim Starten der VM beim Host ein tap-Interface und fügt es der Bridge hinzu.

Um Mehrere Queues für ein Interface zu verwenden, driver Element hinzufügen (Config von bsd2vm1).

<interface type='bridge'>
  <mac address='52:54:00:b1:a0:5f'/>
  <source bridge='bridge0'/>
  <model type='virtio'/>
  <driver name='vhost' queues='3'/>
  <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x07' function='0x0'/>
</interface>

Vollständige Config

<domain type='kvm'>
  <name>bsd2vm2</name>
  <uuid>ae6238ca-43fd-402d-abac-653b0f22101a</uuid>
  <metadata>
    <libosinfo:libosinfo xmlns:libosinfo="http://libosinfo.org/xmlns/libvirt/domain/1.0">
      <libosinfo:os id="http://freebsd.org/freebsd/14.0"/>
    </libosinfo:libosinfo>
  </metadata>
  <memory unit='KiB'>2097152</memory>
  <currentMemory unit='KiB'>2097152</currentMemory>
  <vcpu placement='static'>4</vcpu>
  <os>
    <type arch='x86_64' machine='pc-i440fx-noble'>hvm</type>
    <boot dev='hd'/>
  </os>
  <features>
    <acpi/>
    <apic/>
  </features>
  <cpu mode='host-passthrough' check='none' migratable='on'/>
  <clock offset='utc'>
    <timer name='rtc' tickpolicy='catchup'/>
    <timer name='pit' tickpolicy='delay'/>
    <timer name='hpet' present='no'/>
  </clock>
  <on_poweroff>destroy</on_poweroff>
  <on_reboot>restart</on_reboot>
  <on_crash>destroy</on_crash>
  <pm>
    <suspend-to-mem enabled='no'/>
    <suspend-to-disk enabled='no'/>
  </pm>
  <devices>
    <emulator>/usr/bin/qemu-system-x86_64</emulator>
    <disk type='file' device='disk'>
      <driver name='qemu' type='qcow2' discard='unmap'/>
      <source file='/var/vm/bsd2vm2/disk0.img'/>
      <target dev='vda' bus='virtio'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x05' function='0x0'/>
    </disk>
    <disk type='file' device='cdrom'>
      <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
      <target dev='hda' bus='ide'/>
      <readonly/>
      <address type='drive' controller='0' bus='0' target='0' unit='0'/>
    </disk>
    <controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-ehci1'>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x04' function='0x7'/>
    </controller>
    <controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-uhci1'>
      <master startport='0'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x04' function='0x0' multifunction='on'/>
    </controller>
    <controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-uhci2'>
      <master startport='2'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x04' function='0x1'/>
    </controller>
    <controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-uhci3'>
      <master startport='4'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x04' function='0x2'/>
    </controller>
    <controller type='pci' index='0' model='pci-root'/>
    <controller type='ide' index='0'>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x01' function='0x1'/>
    </controller>
    <interface type='network'>
      <mac address='52:54:00:a0:d1:71'/>
      <source network='default'/>
      <model type='virtio'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x03' function='0x0'/>
    </interface>
    <interface type='bridge'>
      <mac address='52:54:00:93:06:9f'/>
      <source bridge='bridge0'/>
      <model type='virtio'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x07' function='0x0'/>
    </interface>
    <interface type='bridge'>
      <mac address='52:54:00:a3:d3:cb'/>
      <source bridge='bridge1'/>
      <model type='virtio'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x08' function='0x0'/>
    </interface>
    <serial type='pty'>
      <target type='isa-serial' port='0'>
        <model name='isa-serial'/>
      </target>
    </serial>
    <console type='pty'>
      <target type='serial' port='0'/>
    </console>
    <input type='tablet' bus='usb'>
      <address type='usb' bus='0' port='1'/>
    </input>
    <input type='mouse' bus='ps2'/>
    <input type='keyboard' bus='ps2'/>
    <graphics type='vnc' port='5901' autoport='no' listen='::' passwd='foobar'>
      <listen type='address' address='::'/>
    </graphics>
    <audio id='1' type='none'/>
    <video>
      <model type='vga' vram='16384' heads='1' primary='yes'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x02' function='0x0'/>
    </video>
    <memballoon model='virtio'>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x06' function='0x0'/>
    </memballoon>
  </devices>
</domain>